1 History and Basis of Quantum Computing

Idea and concept of quantum computing was introduced way backs in 1970s and 1980s, by Richard Feynmann, David Deutsch and Paul Benioff. First breakthrough of the concept was reported in 1994 in Peter Shor’s factoring algorithm, followed by Lov Grover, searching algorithm in 1996. Isaac L. Chuang, developed the world’s first 2-qubit, 3-qubit, 5-qubit and 7-qubit quantum computer in 1996–2000. In classical computing, information unit is a bit. The physical states of bits are two logically known as bit 1 and bit 0. These are commonly realized by physical ON state and OFF state of transistor. In quantum computing, equivalently two quantum states define basic information processing unit known as qubit. The representation of qubit 0 and 1 are as shown below: